Character Analysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1148 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Did you like this example? In the novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, details the story of 2 men, who appear to be polar opposites living in the Victorian era. During Victorian times, lower-class citizens, who lived in crime ridden, impoverished areas, were regarded as a degenerate form of life. On the other hand, affluent members of the upper-class were considered fully evolved, functioning members of society. Stevenson analyzes these Victorian concepts by following the story of a quintessential man of riches, as well as a criminal, who repulsed almost everyone around him. The former, Dr. Henry Jekyll is an admired doctor, from a nice part of London, and is known for his civility. The latter, is Mr. Edward Hyde. Hyde is suspected to have committed two murders, and appears to be pre-human. Stevenson accentuates these men’s differences throughout the story, by juxtaposing the settings they are commonly found in. However, at the end, we learn that Hyde is a part of Jekyll. As a young scientist, Jekyll attempted to split the good and evil in him, into two independent people. He was only partially successful, but he managed to separate his evil into a new persona, Hyde. Stevenson complicates Victorian concepts of degeneration and crime by painting the criminal Hyde’s setting as opposite to Jekyll’s, but at the end suggests that they both exist within each other. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Character Analysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" essay for you Create order Stevenson represents conventional English ideals, by highlighting Dr. Jekyll as a reputable, charitable doctor. He is a well respected, wealthy person, who lives in a fancy house, in the new town of London. Mr. Utterson calls one of the rooms in Jekyll’s home the â€Å"Pleasantest room in London† (Stevenson 44). While most of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde takes place at night, the scenes involving Dr. Jekyll almost all portray a form of warmth and friendliness. This alludes to Victorian conceptions regarding the upper-class, who were viewed as completely separate and above those in the lower-class. Many claimed that rich â€Å"white British males such as [Jekyll were] at the pinnacle of an evolutionary hierarchy† (Danahay 18). Stevenson emphasizes the good sides of Dr. Jekyll, to confirm Victorian concepts of the bourgeoisie class. The upscale location and lifestyle Dr. Jekyll is associated with in the book represents how Jekyll strives to appear to others. Stevenson depicts Victorian crime stereotypes, by illustrating Hyde as an animal like creature, who dwells in impoverished, rundown areas of London. Hyde, who is all of Dr. Jekyll’s evil, personified into a single entity, has done many horrible things. He trampled a young girl, and murdered a man, without feeling any remorse. Edward Hyde’s character parallels the setting he was placed in. In the novel, Hyde is frequently associated with the dilapidated door, on the back of Jekyll’s house. The door juts out into an alley, and all the windows are boarded up. Hyde also often resides in the slums of London, which Utterson refers to as â€Å" a district of some city in a nightmare† (Stevenson 49). Not only does Hyde himself appear to others as a repulsive, horrible character, but he spends his time in neglected, corruption prone areas, highlighting his reputation as a primitive being. Placing Hyde in decrepit settings allows Stevenson to evoke Victorian â€Å"theories of both evolution and degeneration in his descriptions of Mr. Hyde as a kind of monkey† (Danahay 20). Edward Hyde represents the lower-class, living in 20th century England, and how they were considered primitive compared to the upper-class. Stevenson purposely places Hyde in battered settings, to accentuate qualities that people in Victorian times were ashamed of, and tried to suppress. Despite Stevenson spending most of the book differentiating Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, at the end he demonstrates that Jekyll isn’t entirely above Hyde’s actions. Dr. Jekyll is unhappy with man’s dual nature, and attempts to separate his good and evil in search of inner peace. He has high expectations, set by himself and others, that he feels he needs to live up to. Consumed by his rich lifestyle he craves to let out the immoral part of him. Jekyll states that if his personalities could be â€Å"housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable† (Stevenson 77). The doctor feels repressed by the standards society has created for him, and is constantly trying to be perfect to live up to his reputation. In the form of Hyde, he has no conscience to repress his negative thoughts, and can act on his urges, without trepidation of repercussions from those around him. While Dr. Jekyll is in the form of Hyde, he looks and acts like a de generate. However, there are certain attributes of Hyde that oppose Victorian evolutionary concepts. For example, he has a very eloquent vocabulary, and a luxuriously furnished home, which one would not expect from a murderer like Hyde. There are also certain attributes of Jekyll, that he has to keep hidden, to sustain his esteemed reputation. Although on the surface Dr. Jekyll models Victorian expectations of the upper-class, his â€Å"veneer of gentility . . . concealed so much of what was really going on in Victorian bourgeois society† (Danahay 24). As shown through Hyde, Jekyll, along with the rest of the upper-class, is not as perfect as he appears to be. This is because the evil Mr. Edward Hyde is merely a suppressed part of the affluent Dr. Henry Jekyll, and is carrying out actions that Jekyll’s conscience would have otherwise quelled. To be successful in Victorian London, Dr. Jekyll needs to maintain his morals, his friendships, his job, and his wealth. Living in a consta nt state of repression, he let out Hyde, who commits the sins Jekyll suppresses, because they would put his reputation on the line. Throughout the story, Stevenson separates the lifestyle of Jekyll and Hyde, but in the end, he shows that they are not independent of each other. When Dr. Jekyll originally attempts to separate the evil inside of him, he succeeds in one way, because the bad side of him exists as a person. However, externalizing Hyde does not make Jekyll himself wholly good, as he is often perceived to be. Victorian London appeared impeccable to outsiders, due to its seemingly wealthy, successful population. What many people didn’t acknowledge were the extremely poor, run down, crime infested slums of London, hidden by the cities faà §ade of perfection. Similarly, Dr. Jekyll is constantly concealing negative parts of his personality, hiding behind a mask of prosperity and achievements. When Jekyll’s evil side is let out to the world, he can release his true thoughts as Hyde, without fear of backlash from society. Despite a clear juxtaposition in setting between the two characters, they aren’t as separate as they are portrayed, because Hyde will always exist within Jekyll, and Jekyll will always exist within Hyde.

A History of Oppression the Mistreatment of Australian...

Mistreatment of Australian Aboriginals Cases of oppression are very much present within our world’s history, and even in most societies today. Being rich in history, Australia is a large example of oppression in our world. Not only can we find koala bears and kangaroos in the continent of Australia, but also the world’s oldest existing culture of aboriginal people (Aboriginal Australia - EmbraceAustralia.com). For nearly 50,000 years, Australia has served as home to these ancient indigenous people (Aboriginal Australia – EmbraceAustralia.com). Australia’s natives have been victims to oppression in many ways and for various reasons for nearly 200 years. They’re land had been taken over by European settlers, and later on they faced†¦show more content†¦Many strongly believed in this policy for the â€Å"protection of future generations†, not knowing that they would end up with the ‘stolen generations’ of all the assimilated indigenous children (Armitage). Prejudices, Government Policies and non-existent legal rights are just a few of the methods of oppression the Aborigines have faced. The very first method of oppression against the Aboriginals was the removal of their ownership of land and properties, when the white settlement first began. This lead up to the abuse of aboriginal labour and poor working conditions. The effort to ‘protect’ and ‘integrate’ natives into white society with the Assimilation Policy during the mid 1800’s is possibly one of the most severe methods of oppression used in this issue. Even throughout the First World War, Aboriginals were banned from joining the army to fight for their rightful homeland . The Australian Government did not have many Aboriginal Rights until the 60’s and 70’s. Before 1962, Indigenous natives did not have the right to vote and four years later, in 1966, poor working conditions that applied solemnly to the aborigines were finally prot ested and acknowledged. It was not until 1967 that the Commonwealth Referendum obtained permission to create new laws and rights regarding indigenous people. Some even believe, although highly doubtful, that the spread of new diseases by the Europeans was an attempt at potential genocide towards the natives.Show MoreRelatedExploring Loss Of Culture And The Social And Political Outcomes Based On Inequality And Mistreatment920 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of different ways of living – for example, before and after the arrival of Europeans: how that has affected the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sense of connectedness to the land they live on. Students will recognize how being taken from your ancestral land, and removed from your community would create a disconnectedness with â€Å"White Australia† and that Aboriginal Australians are still affected by past experiences today (Price Rose, 2012). Main teaching activities Students will be exploringRead MoreIs Shared Sense of History Possible in Australia?2353 Words   |  10 PagesIs Shared Sense of History Possible in Australia? There are many issues in Australia, the most longstanding of all being between the communities within the country. The country has witnessed many wars and internal conflicts that can be termed as cultural wars. Notwithstanding these wars and the social disintegration, the Australian communities still lived within the same borders. There is therefore a debate on whether the same kind of political and social integration can exist despite these historicalRead MoreLin Onis : A Renowned Indigenous Sculptor From Melbourne Australia1974 Words   |  8 PagesAustralia. He is of Scottish and Wiradjuri descent, which is one of the largest aboriginal groups in New South Wales. Belonging on the vigilant side to the Yorta Yorta people. His life’s work of paintings and sculptures has been praised for their technical competence and their bold association of indigenous and Western styles. Onus was an inspirational figure for his family, friends, colleagues and the wider Australian community. Onus’s usual procedure of working involved, synthetic polymer paintRead MoreLin Onis : A Renowned Indigenous Sculptor From Melbourne Australia1974 Words   |  8 PagesAustralia. He is of Scottish and Wiradjuri descent, which is one of the largest aboriginal groups in New South Wales. Belonging on the vigilant side to the Yorta Yorta people. His life’s work of paintings and sculptures has been praised for their technical competence and their bold association of indigenous and Western styles. Onus was an inspirational figure for his family, friends, colleagues and the wider Australian community. Onus’s usual procedure of working involved, synthetic polymer paintRead MoreHistorical Drama Film 12 Years A Slave 3107 Words   |  13 Pagesalmost every society’s history and in past times was not seen as an inhumane practice. In fact slavery was practiced right here in Australia and for the purposes of this essay in the North-West of Australia. Not only did a systematic method of slavery exist in Australia it continued to exist long after it was abolished across British empire and many other countries in the rest of the world. Slavery has left a nasty scar on the history of the world and predates written history records. Slavery takesRead MoreThe Indigenous People Of Australia1905 Words   |  8 Pagessuch as the Racial Othering of the Jewish people under the Nazi Regime (Fozdar, Wilding Hawkins 2009, p. 5). These differences have then used to justify the poor treatment of the Other, and establish the norm as superior to the Other, and the oppression of the Other (Fozdar, Wilding Hawkins 2009, p. 5). As the British colonists were of Anglo-Saxon descent, they generally had light/white skin, accompanied by blonde hair and blue eyes, which was in stark contrast to the dark skinned and dark haired

Chapter 20 The Dementor’s Kiss Free Essays

Harry had never been part of a stranger group. Crookshanks led the way down the stairs; Lupin, Pettigrew, and Ron went next, looking like entrants in a six-legged race. Next came Professor Snape, drifting creepily along, his toes hitting each stair as they descended, held up by his own wand, which was being pointed at him by Sirius. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 20 The Dementor’s Kiss or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harry and Hermione brought up the rear. Getting back into the tunnel was difficult. Lupin, Pettigrew, and Ron had to turn sideways to manage it; Lupin still had Pettigrew covered with his wand. Harry could see them edging awkwardly along the tunnel in single file. Crookshanks was still in the lead. Harry went right after Black, who was still making Snape drift along ahead of them; he kept bumping his lolling head on the low ceiling. Harry had the impression Black was making no effort to prevent this. â€Å"You know what this means?† Black said abruptly to Harry as they made their slow progress along the tunnel. â€Å"Turning Pettigrew in?† â€Å"You’re free,† said Harry. â€Å"Yes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Black. â€Å"But I’m also — I don’t know if anyone ever told you — I’m your godfather.† â€Å"Yeah, I knew that,† said Harry. â€Å"Well†¦ your parents appointed me your guardian,† said Black stiffly. â€Å"If anything happened to them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Harry waited. Did Black mean what he thought he meant? â€Å"I’ll understand, of course, if you want to stay with your aunt and uncle,† said Black. â€Å"But†¦ well†¦ think about it. Once my name’s cleared†¦ if you wanted a†¦ a different home†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Some sort of explosion took place in the pit of Harry’s stomach. â€Å"What — live with you?† he said, accidentally cracking his head on a bit of rock protruding from the ceiling. â€Å"Leave the Dursleys?† â€Å"Of course, I thought you wouldn’t want to,† said Black quickly. â€Å"I understand, I just thought I’d –â€Å" â€Å"Are you insane?† said Harry, his voice easily as croaky as Black’s. â€Å"Of course I want to leave the Dursleys! Have you got a house? When can I move in?† Black turned right around to look at him; Snape’s head was scraping the ceiling but Black didn’t seem to care. â€Å"You want to?† he said. â€Å"You mean it?† â€Å"Yeah, I mean it!† said Harry. Black’s gaunt face broke into the first true smile Harry had seen upon it. The difference it made was startling, as though a person ten years younger were shining through the starved mask; for a moment, he was recognizable as the man who had laughed at Harry’s parents’ wedding. They did not speak again until they had reached the end of the tunnel. Crookshanks darted up first; he had evidently pressed his paw to the knot on the trunk, because Lupin, Pettigrew, and Ron clambered upward without any sound of savaging branches. Black saw Snape up through the hole, then stood back for Harry and Hermione to pass. At last, all of them were out. The grounds were very dark now; the only light came from the distant windows of the castle. Without a word, they set off. Pettigrew was still wheezing and occasionally whimpering. Harry’s mind was buzzing. He was going to leave the Dursleys. He was going to live with Sirius Black, his parents’ best friend†¦. He felt dazed†¦. What would happen when he told the Dursleys he was going to live with the convict they’d seen on television†¦! â€Å"One wrong move, Peter,† said Lupin threateningly ahead. His wand was still pointed sideways at Pettigrew’s chest. Silently they tramped through the grounds, the castle lights growing slowly larger. Snape was still drifting weirdly ahead of Black, his chin bumping on his chest. And then – A cloud shifted. There were suddenly dim shadows on the ground. Their party was bathed in moonlight. Snape collided with Lupin, Pettigrew, and Ron, who had stopped abruptly. Black froze. He flung out one arm to make Harry and Hermione stop. Harry could see Lupin’s silhouette. He had gone rigid. Then his limbs began to shake. â€Å"Oh, my –† Hermione gasped. â€Å"He didn’t take his potion tonight! He’s not safe!† â€Å"Run,† Black whispered. â€Å"Run. Now.† But Harry couldn’t run. Ron was chained to Pettigrew and Lupin. He leapt forward but Black caught him around the chest and threw him back. â€Å"Leave it to me — RUN!† There was a terrible snarling noise. Lupin’s head was lengthening. So was his body. His shoulders were hunching. Hair was sprouting visibly on his face and hands, which were curling into clawed paws. Crookshanks’s hair was on end again; he was backing away — As the werewolf reared, snapping its long jaws, Sirius disappeared from Harry’s side. He had transformed. The enormous, bearlike dog bounded forward. As the werewolf wrenched itself free of the manacle binding it, the dog seized it about the neck and pulled it backward, away from Ron and Pettigrew. They were locked, jaw to jaw, claws ripping at each other. Harry stood, transfixed by the sight, too intent upon the battle to notice anything else. It was Hermione’s scream that alerted him — Pettigrew had dived for Lupin’s dropped wand. Ron, unsteady on his bandaged leg, fell. There was a bang, a burst of light — and Ron lay motionless on the ground. Another bang — Crookshanks flew into the air and back to the earth in a heap. â€Å"Expelliarmus.† Harry yelled, pointing his own wand at Pettigrew; Lupin’s wand flew high into the air and out of sight. â€Å"Stay where you are!† Harry shouted, running forward. Too late. Pettigrew had transformed. Harry saw his bald tail whip through the manacle on Ron’s outstretched arm and heard a scurrying through the grass. There was a howl and a rumbling growl; Harry turned to see the werewolf taking flight; it was galloping into the forest — â€Å"Sirius, he’s gone, Pettigrew transformed!† Harry yelled. Black was bleeding; there were gashes across his muzzle and back, but at Harry’s words he scrambled up again, and in an instant, the sound of his paws faded to silence as he pounded away across the grounds. Harry and Hermione dashed over to Ron. â€Å"What did he do to him?† Hermione whispered. Ron’s eyes were only half-closed, his mouth hung open; he was definitely alive, they could hear him breathing, but he didn’t seem to recognize them. â€Å"I don’t know†¦.† Harry looked desperately around. Black and Lupin both gone†¦ they had no one but Snape for company, still hanging, unconscious, in midair. â€Å"We’d better get them up to the castle and tell someone,† said Harry, pushing his hair out of his eyes, trying to think straight. â€Å"Come –â€Å" But then, from beyond the range of their vision, they heard a yelping, a whining: a dog in pain†¦. â€Å"Sirius,† Harry muttered, staring into the darkness. He had a moment’s indecision, but there was nothing they could do for Ron at the moment, and by the sound of it, Black was in trouble — Harry set off at a run, Hermione right behind him. The yelping seemed to be coming from the ground near the edge of the lake. They pelted toward it, and Harry, running flat out, felt the cold without realizing what it must mean – The yelping stopped abruptly. As they reached the lakeshore, they saw why — Sirius had turned back into a man. He was crouched on all fours, his hands over his head. â€Å"Nooo,† he moaned. â€Å"Nooo†¦ please†¦.† And then Harry saw them. Dementors, at least a hundred of them, gliding in a black mass around the lake toward them. He spun around, the familiar, icy cold penetrating his insides, fog starting to obscure his vision; more were appearing out of the darkness on every side; they were encircling them†¦. â€Å"Hermione, think of something happy!† Harry yelled, raising his wand, blinking furiously to try and clear his vision, shaking his head to rid it of the faint screaming that had started inside it — I’m going to live with my godfather. I’m leaving the Dursleys. He forced himself to think of Black, and only Black, and began to chant: â€Å"Expecto patronum! Expecto patronum!† Black gave a shudder, rolled over, and lay motionless on the ground, pale as death. He’ll be all right. I’m going to go and live with him. â€Å"Expecto patronum! Hermione, help me! Expecto patronum!† â€Å"Expecto –† Hermione whispered, â€Å"expecto — expecto –â€Å" But she couldn’t do it. The Dementors were closing in, barely ten feet from them. They formed a solid wall around Harry and Hermione, and were getting closer†¦. â€Å"EXPECTO PATRONUM!† Harry yelled, trying to blot the screaming from his ears. â€Å"EXPECTO PATRONUM!† A thin wisp of silver escaped his wand and hovered like mist before him. At the same moment, Harry felt Hermione collapse next to him. He was alone†¦ completely alone†¦. â€Å"Expecto — expecto patronum –â€Å" Harry felt his knees hit the cold grass. Fog was clouding his eyes. With a huge effort, he fought to remember — Sirius was innocent — innocent — We’ll be okay — I’m going to live with him — â€Å"Expecto patronum!† he gasped. By the feeble light of his formless Patronus, he saw a Dementor halt, very close to him. It couldn’t walk through the cloud of silver mist Harry had conjured. A dead, slimy hand slid out from under the cloak. It made a gesture as though to sweep the Patronus aside. â€Å"No — no –† Harry gasped. â€Å"He’s innocent†¦ expecto expecto patronum –â€Å" He could feet them watching him, hear their rattling breath like an evil wind around him. The nearest Dementor seemed to be considering him. Then it raised both its rotting hands — and lowered its hood. Where there should have been eyes, there was only thin, gray scabbed skin, stretched blankly over empty sockets. But there was a mouth†¦ a gaping, shapeless hole, sucking the air with the sound of a death rattle. A paralyzing terror filled Harry so that he couldn’t move or speak. His Patronus flickered and died. White fog was blinding him. He had to fight†¦ expecto patronum†¦ he couldn’t see†¦ and in the distance, he heard the familiar screaming†¦ expecto patronum†¦ he groped in the mist for Sirius, and found his arm†¦ they weren’t going to take him†¦. But a pair of strong, clammy hands suddenly attached themselves around Harry’s neck. They were forcing his face upward†¦ He could feel its breath†¦ It was going to get rid of him first†¦ He could feel its putrid breath†¦ His mother was screaming in his ears†¦ She was going to be the last thing he ever heard — And then, through the fog that was drowning him, he thought he saw a silvery light growing brighter and brighter†¦ He felt himself fall forward onto the grass†¦. Facedown, too weak to move, sick and shaking, Harry opened his eyes. The Dementor must have released him. The blinding light was illuminating the grass around him†¦The screaming had stopped, the cold was ebbing away†¦ Something was driving the Dementors back†¦ It was circling around him and Black and Hermione†¦. They were leaving†¦. The air was warm again†¦. With every ounce of strength he could muster, Harry raised his head a few inches and saw an animal amid the light, galloping away across the lake†¦ Eyes blurred with sweat, Harry tried to make out what it was†¦ It was as bright as a unicorn†¦ Fighting to stay conscious, Harry watched it can’ter to a halt as it reached the opposite shore. For a moment, Harry saw, by its brightness, somebody welcoming it back†¦ raising his hand to pat it†¦ someone who looked strangely familiar†¦ but it couldn’t be†¦ Harry didn’t understand. He couldn’t think anymore. He felt the last of his strength leave him, and his head hit the ground as he fainted. How to cite Chapter 20 The Dementor’s Kiss, Essay examples

Ethical accountability of accountants - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical accountability of accountants. Answer: Introduction Ethics constitute a vital part of any organization and profession as it conveys affinity of an organization or a profession has with moral values. Accounting is a profession that requires extreme precision and hard work as it deals with the financial assets of individuals and organizations. Although following maintaining ethical standards is not obligatory for accountants, it does hold an important place in the profession. The report deals with the ethical aspects of accounting and tries to provide logical and valid argument in favor of the need for ethics in accounting. In addition, the report elaborates on the role and function of accountants and their accountability to any individual or organization. The report tries to justify that accountants do need to be ethical because the profession demands complete transparency. Role of accountants Accountants are entrusted with the task to collect, record, analyze, calculate and check the accuracy of the financial statements and statistics for an organization, an individual or a company. Overall, the accountant has three primary roles to perform that include collection of financial data, entering the data collected and generating report. The data mainly relates to the finances of any company. Apart from collecting financial data, the accountant also has the responsibility to establish and monitor control procedures. The accountant is also responsible for ensuring that all the financial statistics of a company are published within the given time. Accountants also collaborate with financial professionals belonging to the major sectors like management, government accounting, internal auditing and public accounting. They provide financial data to governmental organizations, nonprofits, tax professionals and others. In addition, accountants given financial advice to the company or firm they work for and help those manage and recover from any financial crisis. Hooks and Stewart (2015) hold the view that the role of an accountant has changed with time and it is now more driven towards profit than disseminating information. The growing competition has compelled companies to better their financial records. This has thus resulted in the elevated importance of the role of accountants in producing concrete and sound financial reports for organizations, believes Shuttleworth (2014). According to the author, accounting has acquired a significant role in the functioning of an organization especially post globalization. Accounting professionals have the daunting task to provide authentic information to the public regarding the financial status of both private and government agencies. This requires them to be genuine and honest. They are bound to implement sound moral decision in all the activities they perform related to accounting (Durocher, Gendron and Picard 2015). They are trusted with the unique responsibility to give professional services to clients while presenting an ingenuous and correct estimation of the financial health of a company or an organization to the public. In order to carry out this task, accountants have to consider certain ethical principles that ensure nothing is hidden from the people. Chawla et al. (2015) argue that accounting ethics is essential in understanding the greater role of the accountants in matters of finance. They further point out that ethics in accounting has been marginalized in the study of management further escalating the issues relating to frauds in accounting. Ethics in accounting ensure upholding of public trust and companys reputation. The ethical codes are set by certain organizations that act as watchdogs of public trust invested upon accountants. Integrity, confidentiality, competence, and behavior are some of the parameters that fall under the ethical code of conduct for accountants. Voss (2017), views that ethical values in accounting comprise an important part in the implementation of economic entities. He further adds that these standards of ethics also help in presenting consistent monetary information used by the stakeholders when taking significant decisions. Numerous cases of fraud engulf the world of accounting thus confirming the paramount need for accountants to be ethical. The later section shall shed light on this issue (Theguardian.com 2018). Accountants need to be ethical A look at the financial frauds and scandals of the last few decades expose the pity picture of the ethical standards followed in the accounting profession. McCann, Offoha and Bryant (2015), highlighted the deterred reputation of the accounting profession while drawing upon scandals such that of Enron and others. They stressed on the issue of the coverage of ethics as an important subject for management students. In the recent years, there has been a significant rise in the importance of ethical studies in professional accounting. Students pursuing management and accounting studies have to understand the value of ethics before taking up accounting as a career. According to Bhasin (2016), the absence of strong ethical guidelines and stern laws in accounting profession lead to the breach of moral code of conduct. He however argues that accountants often succumb to the pressure of higher authorities who want them to manipulate data for companys profit. In cases like this, it comes down to the individual who is in charge of the task whether he or she would put the ethical values at stake to save their job. Ethics hence must not only govern how an accounting professional should perform the job, but it also must administer the way organizations function. A company comprises various departments that oversee its daily functions and apply high-level expertise to make sure it is leading the market race. In a pursuit to achieve targets within deadline, the management often resolves to unethical ways by forging data and statistics. The accountants are the ones who assist managers forge figures and analysis so that they can be ahead of their rivals. However, in doing so, accountants break the trust of the public who put faith in the company or organization they work for. In a very recent case of breach in accounting ethics, the US-based firm Deloitte compromised the security of millions of its stakeholders when in 2017; its cyber security was hacked (Fortune.com 2018). This brought forward the firms failure to adhere to the ethical code of conducts that includes confidentiality and professional competence both of which, the company failed to maintain. In the views of Mirshekary and Carr (2015), ethicality in accountants and accounting firms is cannot be induced forcefully as it needs a personal sense of morality. However, some might argue that rather than asking accountants to follow ethics or be ethical, one should ask the firm or organization to implement strong ethical guidelines. It is but also true that accountants face ethical and professional dilemmas in their workplace when they are left with no choice but surrender. The ethical framework formed by the Association of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) amongst other demand every accountant and accounting firms to comply with the ethical codes. With an understanding of these frameworks, the accounting professionals can make better decisions and help uplift the professions reputation (Mirshekary and Carr 2015). This summarizes that rather than asking whether accountants need to be ethical or not, the question must be framed as un der what circumstances they need to be ethical. Conclusion In the end, it can be stated that accountants must always follow the ethical code of conduct set by the regulatory bodies. However, the circumstances under which they break the ethical codes must also be scrutinized. Accountants are not the antagonists or trust-breakers always, they face dilemmas that are difficult to comprehend. Sterner and stricter rules must be framed for the organizations and companies to follow and even sterner laws against the breach of these rules. The report presented a logical argument in favor of the accountants need to be ethical. The roles performed by the accountants and the companies have been mentioned in the report as well. Further, the report highlighted cases of accounting fraud that furthers the need. References: Bhasin, M.L., 2016. Survey of Creative Accounting Practices: An Empirical Study.Wulfenia Journal KLAGENFURT,23(1), pp.143-162. Chawla, S.K., Khan, Z.U., Jackson, R.E. and Gray, A.W., 2015. Evaluating ethics education for accounting students.Management Accounting Quarterly,16(2), p.16. Durocher, S., Gendron, Y. and Picard, C.F., 2015. Waves of global standardization: Small practitioners' resilience and intra-professional fragmentation within the accounting profession.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(1), pp.65-88. Fortune.com 2018.Deloitte Gets Hacked: What We Know So Far. [online] Fortune. Available at: https://fortune.com/2017/09/25/deloitte-hack/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2018]. Hooks, J. and Stewart, R., 2015. The changing role of accounting: From consumers to shareholders.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,29, pp.86-101. McCann, J.T., Offoha, E. and Bryant, R., 2015. Student Perceptions of Accounting and Business Scandals on the Accounting Profession.British Journal of Economics, Management Trade, pp.326-341. Mirshekary, S. and Carr, R., 2015. Effects of exposure to unethical practices on the personal attitudes of accountants in small accounting firms.Journal of Management Organization,21(1), pp.98-106. Shuttleworth, C.C., 2014. Perspectives of accounting students and teachers on the changing role of management accountants in organisations.Southern African Business Review,18(2), pp.140-162. Theguardian.com 2018.The world's biggest accounting scandals. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/21/the-worlds-biggest-accounting-scandals-toshiba-enron-olympus [Accessed 12 Jan. 2018]. Voss, G., 2017. Certificate of Ethics in Accounting and Professional Independence of Accountants.European Journal of Economics and Business Studies,9(1), pp.212-220.

The Human Genome Project Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Human Genome Project Essay Thesis The Human Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project is a worldwide research effort with the goal ofanalyzing the structure of human DNA and determining the location of theestimated 100,000 human genes. The DNA of a set of model organisms will bestudied to provide the information necessary for understanding the functioningof the human genome. The information gathered by the human genome project isexpected to be the source book for biomedical science in the twenty-firstcentury and will be of great value to the field of medicine. The project willhelp us to understand and eventually treat more than 4,000 genetic diseases thataffect mankind. The scientific products of the human genome project will includea resource of genomic maps and DNA sequence information that will providedetailed information about the structure, organization, and characteristics ofhuman DNA, information that constitutes the basic set of inheritedinstructions for the development and functioning of a human being. We will write a custom essay on The Human Genome Project Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Human Genome Project began in the mid 1980s and was widely examinedwithin the scientific community and public press through the last half of thatdecade. In the United States, the Department of Energy (DOE) initially, and theNational Institutes of Health (NIH) soon after, were the main research agencieswithin the US government responsible for developing and planning the project. By1988, the two agencies were working together, an association that was formalizedby the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding to coordinate research andtechnical activities related to the human genome. The National Center for HumanGenome Research (NCHGR) was established in 1989 to head the human genome projectfor the NIH. NCHGR is one of twenty-four institutes, centers, or divisions thatmake up the NIH, the federal governments main agency for the support ofbiomedical research. At least sixteen countries have established Human GenomeProjects. The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) and the National ResearchCouncil (NRC) prepared a report describing the plans for the US human genomeproject and is updated as further advances in the underlying technology occur. To achieve the scientific goals, which together encompass the humangenome project, a number of administrative measures have been put in place. Inaddition, a newsletter, an electronic bulletin board, a comprehensiveadministrative data base, and other communications tools are being set up tofacilitate communication and tracking of progress. The overall budget needs forthe effort are expected to be about $200 million per year for approximately 15years. Lasers are used in the detection of DNA in many aspects of the project;a very important use is in sorting chromosomes by flow cytometry. Lasers arealso used in confocal fluorescence laser microscopy to excite fluorescentlytagged molecules in genome mapping, in addition to other mapping uses. Indiagnostic applications, lasers are used with fluorescent probes attached to DNAto light up chromosomes and to create patterns on DNA chips. From the beginning of the human genome project it was clearly recognizedthat acquisition and use of such genetic knowledge would have momentousinvolvements for both individuals and society and would pose a number ofconsequential choices for public and professional deliberation. As Thomas Lee writes, the effort underway is unlike anything everbefore attempted, if successful, it could lead to our ultimate control of humandisease, aging, and death. Whatever its justification, the human genome project has alreadyinspired society with the hope of better babies, and one way to deploypragmatism in the analysis of genetic engineering is to look at this promise ofbetter babies in its social context: parenthood. Parents hope for healthychildren and, if they could afford it, make choices (such as choosing parentalcare) to help engineer healthier babies. Genetic engineering seems in thisrespect to offer the brightest hope for parents. Through germ-line therapy,disastrous, but genetically discrete diseases, such as Huntingtons and cysticfibrosis could be removed from the DNA of the egg or zygote. Clearly parentswould follow the model in choosing to avoid a short, painful life for theirchildren. .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .postImageUrl , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:hover , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:visited , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:active { border:0!important; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:active , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Enlightenment EssayAnother more reasonable fear is that we have not the slightest idea whatwe are doing and ought to avoid making hasty choices. Hybrid varieties are oftenimpossible to protect from the complexities and dangers of nature. In the humancondition, this is the possibility of making an error and creating a geneticallyadvanced baby who cannot cope with an imperfect world. While much of societyreports a willingness to modify DNA for the purpose of heightening intelligence,education about genetics and medicine is still in its beginning. Jonathan Glover argues for a pragmatism of risks and benefits, writingthat, The debate on human genetic engineering should become like the on nuclearpower: one in which large possible benefits have to be weighed against bigproblems and great disasters. One significant element is the assertion that genetic engineering isradically different from any other kind of human medicine, and constitutesinterference in a restricted area, trying to play God. As Robert Wright notes, Biologists and ethicists have by now expendedthousands of words warning about slippery slopes, reflecting on Nazi Germany,and warning that a government quest for a super race could begin anew ifgenetic engineering ventures too far. In my opinion, I believe that, if and only if, a deadly disease isdetected, then the scientists and/or doctors should tap into the DNA of a zygoteor egg for testing and absolute knowledge of the steps of the procedure must bepresent. I do not believe that there should be a genetically advanced child inthe world, everyone is created equal and nobody should have their destinychanged for any reason. Science

Soft drink industry Essay Example

Soft drink industry Essay Example Soft drink industry Essay Soft drink industry Essay The stretch of competitive exploits and reactions among companies under the soft drinks industry has shaped the competitive dynamics in the trade in the sense that the competitors in the industry have rivaled one another in terms of the products they offer and the target market. For example, the attempts of Coca-Cola and Pepsi to focus ahead into soft drinks bottling have established the element of ‘capacity’ as a primary aspect in the industry (Fahey). However, the competitive dynamics in the soft drinks industry is also affected by huge alterations in the commercial environment (Fahey).In essence, the competitive dynamics in the soft drinks industry serve as one indicator that the market itself is operating on a standard cycle market. One of the crucial factors that determine the cycle market in this industry is the season or the annual weather cycles as well as the climate in various geographical territories. As these changes determine the supply and consumption level s of the products, these changes also tend to revitalize the product image. The packaging of Coca-Cola, for example, has undergone notable updates throughout its production and distribution although the â€Å"essential product of Coca-Cola remains relatively static (Hunt).† In general, these changes in turn create perceptions from competitors, prompting them to address these changes by creating something of their own.Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Virgin Cola are three of the top soft drinks competitors in the industry which have both their distinct specific product images and their commonalities in terms of overall product packaging and consumers. While Coca-Cola has succeeded in maintaining their ‘ribbon’ logo or icon throughout the years, Pepsi has made attempts at recreating its own logo. Although Virgin Cola has also been able to maintain its distinct logo, it nevertheless has expanded in terms of its name, placing the same ‘Virgin’ labels to the added v arieties to its line of products.Competitive actions, or the important efforts done firms in order to achieve competitive edge in the industry, also share a significant portion in the commercial environment among soft drinks firms.   Three of the major competitive actions that occurred in the industry within the past two years include competitive pricing, stock availability, and promos. For instance, Coca-Cola, being extensively dispersed globally, constantly adopts low-cost operation (Davidson, Keegan and Brill). The same is true for Pepsi and Virgin Cola in terms of adjusting product prices as a tactical action in relation to the rates offered by the competitors. Stock availability and promotional campaigns, with the former being a strategic action and the latter being a tactical one, also share a vital role in the actions taken by these firms in obtaining a higher status above the rest.Looking into the future, the competitive positioning and importance of major industry competi tors will significantly change in the next five years for several reasons. These changes are considerably determined by consumption and supply levels on both the international and local scales. Further, the technological changes that lead to lifestyle changes also contribute to shifts in the strategies and tactics and, hence, in the competition among the firms in the soft drinks industry. With the recent technological advancements in the line of production, these firms will eventually adopt the most viable means of extending and increasing their productivity rates and, consequently, their distribution capabilities.In essence, the next five years will create a series of changes in the whole industry of soft drinks, extending not only within a specific geographical border but also within the expanse of the world, reaching the farthest places and bringing to these spots the changes that these firms constantly adopt in order to survive the competition and, probably, to obtain a comparat ive advantage above the rest.

Must write an individual report of 1500 words. This report must be Essay

Must write an individual report of 1500 words. This report must be based on the consumer focussed web site you are due to presen - Essay Example Thus, website development is highly crucial and it should be mainly designed using a customer centric approach so that it can steal the show among their existent competitors in the market (Chaffey and Dave, 2008, p. 152). I am a member of a website development team who is developing a website which deals with laundry products and apparels. The paper will focus on my justifications regarding the Internet market techniques along with other crisp business strategies which will be highly useful in making our website stand well in the competitive front. Promotion of Brand Awareness The promotion of brand awareness is one of the crucial parts to highlight the website and is one of the benevolent strategies of the e-commerce industry. The brand awareness must be executed in such a manner that the customers receive detailed and rational information regarding the firm and its offerings. This technique can be used as a signal to the current and prospective customers, which will state that the customer is on the cutting edge. I will develop a model with product differentiation strategies along with an image rich message with a tag line which should be in line with the actual performance of the products of delivery. Another stylized technique which I will apply to promote the website is AdWords which are an established mechanism of targeting the potential customers and establishing brand awareness at a reasonable price. I would also be posting some testimonials from our pleased customers along with a few photographs of our ways of functioning to support the services offered in my website. Target Audience Another major decision is the selection of target customers. The market has to be segregated into subparts of customers and sections should be set in the order of priority. Since our website focuses on the marriage laundry, domestic and hotel laundry, the market will be divided into subparts and focus on the micro analysis. People think of marketing management as finding a s many customers as possible and increasing demand. But it is not the right policy and it is not possible for the marketing manager to serve all the customers coming in their way. Trying to serve all the customers, it would not be possible to serve any of the customers properly. So in our area of target, our top priority will be on the marriage sector as well as the hotel sector. For example, Holt Renfrew and Harry Rosen stores profitably target affluent professionals; Dollarama stores profitably target families with more modest means. The advertisement budget will also have to be considered and will be concentrated on key areas. The main things which will be taken into consideration are targeting, demographics, key words and the budget. Keeping a close watch on this, our target customers can be attracted (Website Promotion, 2012). Creating Value Proposition The value proposition of the company